With Microsoft seemingly banking the future of Xbox on a hybrid PC device based on Windows, we've got concerns. Our issues with Windows 11 are well known, principally in terms of stability and, of course, the profound stuttering issues that impact so many games. Many are looking for an alternative, and in Linux, there might be an answer. In the latest edition of DF Direct Weekly, our supporters asked us whether the DF team considered adding tests of modern games on Linux to its PC review and testing process.
Right now, according to the Steam Hardware Survey, just over three percent of PC gamers use Linux, but there's clear upward momentum here, thanks in no small part to the popularity of Steam Deck, the portable PC system that combines a custom fork of Arch Linux with a customised Wine compatibility layer that translates Windows API calls to Linux systems. Depending on the game, this Windows-to-Linux translation process can range from competent to resoundingly performant, especially if the game in question includes the extra Valve touch of pre-compiled shaders. (Lest you forget, Elden Ring relies on this very thing to bring its Steam Deck performance up to surprisingly stable frame times.)
We've already compared Windows and Linux performance on handheld PCs like Steam Deck and ROG Ally, and that competition has already begun to heat up. In particular, we've seen Windows-tailored handhelds deliver interesting testing results when they have Bazzite installed (a customised version of SteamOS for non-Deck handhelds). Valve itself is in the process of rolling out device-specific versions of Steam OS: the Lenovo Legion Go S is available with in both Windows and SteamOS variants, with the Linux version more efficient and easier to use.
On the flipside, Microsoft is rolling out its Xbox Fullscreen Experience with an anti-stutter technology of its own. The firm recently unveiled Advanced Shader Delivery for Windows and DirectX, which is advertised similarly to the SteamOS and Elden Ring scenario mentioned earlier. Rather than compile shaders locally as the game plays, they're downloaded from the cloud. As of press time, only ROG Xbox Ally and ROG Xbox Ally X systems are compatible with ASD, and only a handful of games support the feature. Even then, it's only supported on titles downloaded from the Xbox app. Does this fully solve the shader compilation issues that severely impact many Windows titles? We'll be conducting some tests to find out, but at least Microsoft is looking to address a core problem with Windows gaming.
More generally, the fact we're being asked these questions at all highlights two things: the dissatisfaction with Windows as a gaming platform (especially in handhelds and console-like boxes) and the technological accomplishment behind Linux and the Proton compatibility translation layer. We'd expect any form of translation layer to hit performance (and it does, sometimes, to be fair), but the fact we're seeing performance wins on Linux is astonishing, raising questions about Windows and Windows driver efficiency.
Right now, supporting Linux benchmarks in DF content would represent an enormous time investment for a smaller team with limited resources, but we do intend to continue occasional coverage, as it's clear that Linux is gaining significant momentum and provides the much-needed competition required that compels Microsoft to up its game.
Comments 25
Yes! Please bring PC Linux benchmarks to Digital Foundry. Please focus on Bazzite / native Steam OS. I wouldn't worry about all the various distros, honestly. Even if you only compared to the baseline Steam Deck, that itself would add valid data points and help build further momentum.
Yes please. As someone who is getting sick of Windows as of late. I would love to see more comparisons and deep dives on possible issues someone might have when gaming on Linux.
Yes, I'm also getting sick of W11 and I actually have a flash drive ready to install and dual-boot Mint.
Yes please! I've been using Bazzite for a bit and will likely never move to Windows 11 and I don't think I'm the only one.
I only use a Steam Deck for PC gaming, so yes please!
Definitely yes! I'm still on windows, but have been trying to plan my next PC build around Bazzite/Arch.
Glad my question is a part of the Website launch ^_^
I'm definitely in favor, though considering the point about the team's size and workload, I'd be okay with it on an "as relevant" basis in broader reviews - such as "wow this PC version sure got problems wot disappear on Linux??????," or perhaps in roundup videos whenever someone gets the bug to do so (like Oliver's "pls break my Steam Deck" series).
...as one of the growingly-dissatisfied Windows Users Seriously Considering Daily-Driving Bazzite, I anticipate interest in Linux benchmarks to increase. Considering the general state of Microsoft and the excruciating effort it takes to change that ship's course, I'll believe these vaunted Windows Gaming improvements when I see them. Their recent rake-stepping WRT: Windows On Handhelds gives zero confidence that they can stem the tide of Windows Users Having Enough - after all, how can you pitch fundamental User Experience Improvements to AI-addled investors?
Coming from this team, it could be a major factor in demystifying Linux gaming for the wider audience and increase adoption.
I am extremely interested in seeing performance comparisons for proton or proton GE and the like compared to windows, however i might suggest waiting to see what methodology gamers nexus comes up with as they are actively working on this as well.
I think it's a big undertaking, personally I think the time would be better spent elsewhere rather than adding substantial time to the standard review process.
Not to say I wouldn't appreciate a general update once or twice a year or commentary/results where relevant (i.e. handhelds)
I think it's reasonable to occasionally put major releases through their paces on Linux, but Windows should be your primary focus for the time being.
I do find it hilarious and fitting that Microsoft created Xbox Fullscreen to address a problem that Microsoft created. Sheesh!
I agree with the other comments that say to make it an occasional thing when it makes sense - Major game releases with things to note about playing on Linux, maybe twice-a-year check-ins on Linux gaming in general, that sort of thing.
Although, I think it's very important to take your time getting methodology and facts right before really committing. Discuss stuff with Linux users in forums and such so that you can iron out misconceptions and workflow issues before you run into them. Things like getting precise data from MangoHUD or other benchmarking tools, making sure your terminology when referring to Linux stuff is accurate yet concise, figure out the ideal distro to use for benchmarking, etc.
As a really mundane and nitpicky example, Bazzite isn't a modified version of SteamOS - it's (to put it in a nutshell) a distro based on Fedora that replicates a lot of SteamOS's functionality and philosophy. It might not seem like that big of a difference, but it's the kind of thing that could get misinformation out there to a novice, and something that'll put a dent on the reputation of your Linux coverage for those who are already quite familiar with the topic. Generally, I think having someone really immerse themselves into being "a Linux guy" on the team would be a great way to sort that out, but I recognize how big of a time/effort commitment that would be if no one on the team is genuinely interested in daily-driving it, and it can be hard to stretch the budget and add someone to payroll, not to mention finding the right person in the first place...
tl;dr there's a lot to ponder and not be hasty about. Do research! Discuss with other users if you hit ungoogleable snags!
I would love some more Steam Deck coverage and benchmarking. As it stands, Valve‘s verification system is extremely hit or miss. Especially recent AAA games often get a verified tag but barely run. Additionally, my feeling is, that most developers do not really optimize settings for Steam Deck and just put everything to the absolute minimum so that they pass the performance test. So, some performance testing from you and maybe some optimized settings would be greatly appreciated. However, I see that Steam Deck / pc handheld users are a very niche audience.
I find the premise highly exaggerated. In reality, with Xbox Full Experience and the improvements made to the Xbox app, things are moving in the right direction—quite the opposite, in fact. In terms of performance and user experience, it’s much better than before, and the roadmap promises many more improvements.
The thing with SteamOS and Linux in general is that it remains a layer that translates Windows’ DirectX requests into Linux, bringing its share of bugs, instability, and incompatibility. That’s the reality, I own a Steam Deck and I can clearly see the limitations. Developers develop for Windows, not for Linux. What saves Linux is simply its slight niche appeal compared to big Windows. But at the same time, Linux doesn’t have the same versatility or even the same simplicity as Windows, to put things into perspective.
That said, yes, it would be a good idea to make comparisons, because in many cases we’d be surprised to see some games running better on Windows than on Linux—that’s also a reality. And it allows us to see the evolution of Windows in terms of gaming performance and the gap betwee the 2 OS.
The question is what exactly we’re comparing, because ‘Windows’ is broad. Are we comparing SteamOS versus Xbox Full Experience on Windows? That would make sense in the field of handheld consoles and not just there. As for comparing niche systems only used by tinkerers like Bazzite, I’m not sure of the interest for the general public—but hey, why not?
As a Linux user, I would welcome Linux benchmarks since this could demistify Linux for the broader audience. However, I would suggest avoiding tropical distros like Bazzite or CachyOS. I don't use it myself but Mint is highly regarded by the mainstream and seems to be very popular with people who migrate from Windows. Deb Steam is the only official package supported by Valve, so this would allow to avoid problems that stem from custom packaging. For example it's hard to get Mangohud to work properly under Snap Steam.
I switched to Bazzite recently. Not even because of the gaming situation which was perfectly fine for me (ryzen igpu, mainly GoG games and no new AAA stuff) but the forced windows 11 microsoft account ***** really started to annoy me. Also the UI seems to become more convulted and complex every year
In the PC department, you could use the best combination of AMD for the Linux PC, but I would actually like for you to add Steam Deck to the benchmarks at least.
With Valve working on SteamOS for ARM64, reckon we'll have all sorts of new PC benchmarks in the near future and not just Windows vs Linux x86-64.
@fatpunkslim
Soon enough we're going to be comparing Valve's Steam Console (codename "Fremont") running SteamOS versus Xbox's next-gen PC-console hybrid (with "Magnus" APU).
In addition to the Steam Deck versus other handhelds.
Fascinating times.
In the same way that we need to take a critical look at Windows, we should do the same with Linux. I see fans who defend Linux at all costs, but we shouldn’t erase the negative points — because they do exist. Someone mentioned Linux Mint above, which tries to get closer to a Windows‑like experience, and that’s quite amusing when the same people criticize the Windows experience.
But that’s not really my point. The issues with software compatibility for games are real, and the problems with graphical bugs, crashes, and missing textures in supposedly compatible games are real too. Beyond outright incompatibility, there are also games that are technically compatible but run very poorly — nearly unplayable and significantly less performant than on a Windows‑based console. And yes, the reverse can happen too. I’m thinking of titles like Cyberpunk 2077, Red Dead Redemption 2, The Witcher 3, Assassin’s Creed Odyssey, Cities: Skylines, Football Manager, ARK: Survival Evolved, Ready or Not, etc.
Let’s be honest: SteamOS, thanks to its lightweight nature, does manage to stay slightly ahead in performance in many cases, for now. But the opposite is also true. Proton remains a compatibility layer, and translating DirectX calls isn’t always smooth or bug‑free. This leads to issues in certain games: framerate drops, missing textures, crashes, loading problems, graphical glitches, etc. These are problems that rarely occur on a Windows console, since developers build natively for Windows, not for SteamOS, which merely translates DirectX requests. All recent games using DirectX 12, for example, run very poorly on SteamOS.
Please do Linux benchmarks too
Only if it's currently feasible for the team, you can always upscale to include it later down the line though
Love to see Bazzite and other kiosk style Linux distros that support gaming in general, I still think that more open OS services will drive the gaming eco system into better and more fun environments instead of closed off OS's like windows.
macOS has seen a significant increase, and more and more machines are becoming decent for gaming, a benchmark or two might be interesting.
The problem would be choosing which of the Macs, the Mac Mini M3/M4 or the Macbook Air M2/M4, could be a good target because they are the most popular.
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